NAME REACTIONS - SUMMARY

S. No	Name of reaction	Starting Material	Reagent and other conditions	Application / Use
1	Haloform Reaction	Compounds containing CH3CHOH – or CH3CO – group	Halogen (X2) + NaOH or KOH	Haloform
2	Saponification Reaction	Oil or Fat or Ester	Alkali (NaOH or KOH)	Glycerol + Soap
3	a) Simple Cannizzaro Reaction	2 moles of aldehydes not having α-H atom	Concentrated aqueous alkali (NaOH or KOH)	Alcohol + Acid
	b) Crossed Cannizzaro Reaction	2 different Aldehydes not having α-H atom
4	Dow’s Process	Chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl + NaOH	623 K; 300 atm	Phenol
5	Schotten - Baumann Reaction	a) Phenol + Benzoyl chloride, C6H5COCl	Alkali (NaOH)	Phenyl benzoate
		b) Aniline + Benzoyl chloride, C6H5COCl	Alkali (NaOH)	Benzanilide
6	Williamson’s Synthesis	a) RX + Sodium alkoxide, RONa	Heat	Aliphatic Ethers
		b) RX + Sodium phenoxide , ArONa	Heat	Aromatic / Phenolic Ethers
7	Diazo Coupling Reaction or Coupling Reaction	a) Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X- + Phenol	Alkali; 273 K	Azo dyes
		b) Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X-  + Aniline	Acid; 273 K	Azo dyes
8	Kolbe - Schmidt or Kolbe’s Reaction	Phenol	CO2 (NaOH), 403 K; 5 – 7 atm	Salicylic acid
9	Riemer -Tiemann Reaction	a) Phenol	CHCl3 + NaOH	Salicylaldehyde
		b) Phenol	CCl4 + NaOH	Salicylic acid
10	Phthalein Reaction / Fusion	Phenol + Phthalic anhydride	Conc. H2 SO4; Heat	Phenolphathalein
11	Laderer - Manasse Reaction	Phenol + Formaldehyde, HCHO	NaOH	p-Hydroxy phenyl methanol
12	Rosenmund Reduction	Acid chlorides, RCOCl	H2 in presence of Pd suspended in BaSO4	Aldehydes
13	Stephen’s Reaction	Alkyl cyanide, RCN dissolved in ether or Ethyl formate or Ethyl acetate	SnCl2 / HCl	Aldehyde
14	a) Aldol Condensation	2 moles of Aldehydes having α- H atom	Dilute alkali (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ba(OH)2, …..	Aldol
	b) Crossed Aldol Condensation	An aldehyde and a Ketone having α- H atom
15	Claisen Reaction or Claisen Schmidt Reaction	C6H5CHO + Aliphatic Aldehydes or Ketones having α- H atom	Dilute alkali (NaOH)	α, β- Unsaturated aldehyde or Ketone
16	Clemmenson Reduction	Aldehydes or Ketones (> C = O)	Zinc Amalgam (Zn / Hg) + Conc. HCl	Hydrocarbons
17	Wolff - Kishner Reduction	Aldehydes or  Ketones, (> C = O)	Hydrazine, NH2-NH2 + Sodium ethoxide, C2H5ONa	Hydrocarbons
18	Tollen’s Test	Aldehydes or Formic acid, HCOOH	Tollen’s reagent (Ammoniacal AgNO3)	Silver mirror
19	Fehling’s Test	Aliphatic Aldehydes or HCOOH	Fehling’s solution (CuSO4 + Sod. Pot. tartrate)	Red cuprous oxide, Cu2O
20	Benzoin Condensation	Aromatic Aldehydes	Aqueous alcoholic KCN	Benzoin (α- hydroxy ketone)
21	Perkin’s Reaction	C6H5CHO + Sodium salt of fatty acid having two α- H atoms and its anhydride	Heat	Aromatic-unsaturated fatty acid
22	Knoevenagel  Reaction	C6H5CHO + Malonic acid, H2C(COOH)2	Pyridine	Cinnamic acid
23	a) Friedel - Craft’s Acetylation	C6H6 + RCOCl	Anhydrous AlCl3	Aromatic Ketones (Phenons)
	b) Friedel - Craft’s Benzoyaltion	C6H6 + ArCOCl
24	Esterification	Carboxylic acid + Alcohols	Mineral acids (conc. H2SO4, ……	Esters
25	Trans Esterification	Ester + Lower alcohol	Mineral acid	Ester + Higher alcohol
26	Hell-Volhard- Zelinsky Reaction or HVZ Reaction	Fatty acids having α- H atoms + Br2 / PBr3	---	α- Halo acids
27	Kolbe’s electrolytic Reaction	Concentrated aqueous solution of sodium salt of acids	Electrolysis	Hydrocarbons
28	Claisen Ester condensation	2 moles of esters	Strong bases (C2H5ONa)	Aceto acetic ester
29	Hoffmann’s Hypobromite / Bromamide Reaction	Acid amides (– CONH2)	Br2 + Alkali (NaOH or KOH)	10 amines
30	Gabriel’s Phthalimide Synthesis	CO                    C6H4<    >NH,KOH,RX           CO	Heat	Aliphatic 10 amine
31	Carbylamine Reaction	10 amines (- NH2)	CHCl3+ Alcoholic alkali (KOH); ∆	Carbylamine or Isocyanide
32	Mustard Oil Reaction	10 amines + CS2 + HgCl2	Heat	Isothiocyanate
33	Diazotisation	Aromatic 10 amines, ArNH2	conc. HCl; NaNO2, 273 K	Benzene diazonium salt
34	Sand Meyer’s Reaction	Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X-	Cu2Cl2+HCl; Cu2Br2+HBr or Cu2(CN)2+KCN	Halo or Cyano benzene
35	Gattermann Reaction	Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X-	Cu powder + HCl or Cu + HBr	Halobenzene
36	Gomberg Bachmann Reaction or Gamberg Reaction	Benzene diazonium salts	C6H6 + NaOH	Biphenyl