Test Yourself - Preparatory Question Paper - 1

 CHEMISTRY

	Time Allowed : 3 Hours ]                                                          [ Maximum Marks : 150 Note : Draw diagrams and write equations wherever necessary.
	Part – I
	Note :  i) Answer All the questions.
	ii) Choose and write the correct answer.                                               30 x 1 = 30
1	The half life period of a first order reaction is 10 minutes. Then its rate constant is a) 6.93 x102 min–1    b) 0.693x10–2 min–1   c) 6.932x10–2 min–1      d) 69.3x10–1 min–1
2	In case of physical adsorption, there is  desorption when a) temperature increases                                               b) temperature decreases c) pressure increases                                                    d) concentration increases
3	Colloids are purified by a) precipitation             b) coagulation                         c) dialysis                              d) filtration
4	Which one is the correct factor that explains the increase of rate of reaction by a catalyst a) shape selectivity                                                       b) particle size c) increase of free energy                                            d) lowering of activation energy
5	The pH of a solution containing 0.1 N NaOH is.......... a) 1                               b) 10–1                                   c) 13                                     d) 10–13
6	Which of the following particle having same kinetic energy, would have the maximum de-Broglie wave length a) α-particle                  b) proton                                 c) β-particle                          d) neutron
7	The intramolecular hydrogen bonding is present in a) o-nitrophenol            b) m-nitro phenol                   c)  p-nitrophenol                     d)  None
8	The electron affinity of an atom a) directly proportional to its size                                b) inversely proportional to its size c) is independent of its size                                         d) none of these
9	The shape of XeF4 is a) tetrahedral                b) octahedral                          c) square planar                   d) pyramidal
10	d-block  elements form coloured ions because a) They absorb some energy for d-s transition      b) They absorb some energy for p-d transition c) They absorb some energy for d-d transition     d) They do not absorb any energy
11	The compound that reacts fastest with Lucas reagent is a) butan-1-ol          b) butan-2-ol           c) 2-methyl propan-1-ol         d) 2-methyl propan-2-ol
12	When ether is exposed to air for sometime an explosive substance produced is a) peroxide                    b) oxide                                 c) TNT                          d) superoxide
13	According to Lewis concept of acids and bases, ethers are a) Neutral                      b) Acidic                               c) Basic                         d) Amphoteric
14	Which of the following compounds is oxidised to give ethyl methyl ketone? a) 2-propanol               b) 2-pentanone                        c) 1-butanol                      d) 2-butanol
15	The Isomerism exhibited by CH3CH2COOH and CH3COOCH3 is a) metamerism              b) position                              c) chain                              d) functional
16	The chemical composition of slag formed during the smelting process in the extraction of copper is a) Cu2O + FeS             b) FeSiO3                               c) CuFeS2                  d) Cu2S + FeO
17	The lanthanide contraction is responsible for the fact that a) Zn and Y have about the same radius                  b) Zr and Nb have similar oxidation state c) Zr and Hf have about the same radius                 d) Zr and Zn have the same oxidation state
18	Ceria is used in a) toys              b) tracer bullets               c) gas lamp materials              d) none of the above
19	[FeF6]4– is paramagnetic because a) F – is a weaker ligand                                            b)  F – is a strong ligand c) F – is a flexi dentate ligand                                     d) F – is a chelating ligand
20	Radioactivity is due to a) Stable electronic configuration                                b) Stable nucleus c) Unstable nucleus                                                    d) Unstable electronic configuration
21	Electrophile used in the nitration of benzene is a) hydronium ion          b) sulphonic acid                    c) nitronium ion                   d) bromide ion
22	Oxidation of aniline with acidified potassium dichromate gives a) p-benzo quinine       b) benzoic acid                        c) benzaldehyde              d) benzyl alcohol
23	In nitro alkanes –NO2 group is converted to –NH2 group by the reaction with a) Sn/HCl                     b) Zn dust                               c) Zn/NH4Cl                     d) Zn/NaOH
24	Inversion of sucrose refers to a) oxidation of sucrose                                                 b)  reduction of sucrose c) hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose         d) polymerisation of sucrose.
25	Ultimate products of hydrolysis of proteins is a) aniline                       b) aliphatic acid                      c) amino acid                d) aromatic acid
26	The  crystals which are good conductors of electricity and heat are a) Ionic crystals          b) Molecular crystals            c) Metallic crystals        d) Covalent crystals
27	All the naturally occurring processes proceed spontaneously in a direction which leads to a) decrease of entropy                                                   b)  increase in enthalpy c) increase in free energy                                              d) decrease of free energy
28	In which of the following process, the process is always non-feasible? a) ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0       b) ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0        c) ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0                d) ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0
29	Two moles of ammonia gas are introduced into a previously evacuated 1.0 dm3 vessel in which it partially dissociates at high temperature. At equilibrium 1.0 mole of ammonia remains. The equilibrium constant Kc  for the  dissociation is a) 27/16 (mole dm–3)2                                                b) 27/8 (mole dm–3)2    c) 27/4 (mole dm–3)2                                                 d) None of these
30	In the reversible reaction 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2, Kp is a) greater than Kc          b) less than Kc                       c) Equal to Kc                         d) Zero
	Part – II
	Note :  i) Answer any fifteen questions.
	ii) Each answer should be in one or two sentences.                                    15 x 3 = 45
31	Why is He2 not formed?
32	Compare the ionization energy of nitrogen and oxygen.
33	How is potash alum prepared?
34	Prove that P2O5 a powerful dehydrating agent.
35	[Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured, while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless. Explain
36	Write short notes on alumino thermic process.
37	Write two differences between chemical reaction and nuclear reaction.
38	What is vitreous state?
39	Give entropy statement of second law of thermodynamics. Mention the unit of entropy also.
40	State Le Chatelier’s principle.
41	Write a note on activation energy?
42	What are parallel reactions? Give example.
43	Write notes on auto catalyst.
44	Define electrochemical equivalent. What is its unit?
45	Give the conditions required for a compound to exhibit optical isomerism.
46	How do primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols differ in terms of their oxidation?
47	Write the conversion of ethylene glycol to 1, 4-dioxan?
48	Write a note on haloform reaction.
49	What happens when calcium salt of acetic acid is distilled?
50	What is Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?
51	What are chromophores? Give two examples.
	Part – III
	Note: Answer any seven questions choosing at least two questions from each section.7x5=35
	Section – A
52	Explain the formation of N2 molecule by molecular orbital theory.
53	Explain how potassium dichromate is extracted from chromite ore. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between an acidified solution of K2Cr2O7 and KI.
54	Describe the extraction of Lanthanides from monazite sand.
55	[Ni(CN)4]2– diamagnetic, whereas [Ni(NH3)4]2+  is paramagnetic. Explain.
	Section – B
56	Write the characteristics of entropy.
57	Apply Le Chatlier’s principle to contact process of manufacture of SO3
58	Derive an expression for the rate constant for a first order reaction.
59	Calculate the emf of the cell having the cell reaction 2Ag+ + Zn ⇌ 2Ag + Zn2+ and Eocell = 1.56 V at 25oC when concentration of Zn2+ = 0.1 M and Ag+ = 10 M in the solution.
	Section – C
60	Write all possible isomers with the molecular formula C4H10O and write their name also.
61	Distinguish acetaldehyde from acetone.
62	Give the mechanism of esterification.
63	Explain briefly on characteristics of rocket propellants.
	Part – IV
	Note : i) Question No. 70 is compulsory and answer any three from the remaining questions.
	ii) Answer four questions in all.                                                                   4 x 10 = 40
64.a	Explain the various factors that affect ionisation energy.
b	Describe in detail how noble gases are isolated by Dewar’s method.
65.a	Explain coordination and ionisation isomerism with suitable examples.
b	Explain the nuclear reactions taking place in the sun.
66.a	Write notes on any two point defects in crystals.
b	What is electro osmosis? Explain the experiment.
67.a	Differentiate between electrolytic conductor and metallic conductor.
b	Derive Nernst equation of reversible cell.
68.a	Explain the optical activity of tartaric acid.
b	How is lactic acid manufactured in large scale? How can it be converted into cyclic diester?
69.a	Explain the following reactions in aniline: i) Coupling reaction               ii) Schotten-Baumann reaction                  iii) Carbylamine reaction
b	Outline the classification of carbohydrates giving example for each.
70.a	An organic compound (A) C2H6O liberates hydrogen on treatment with metallic sodium. (A) on mild oxidation gives (B) C2H4O which answers iodoform test. (B) when treated with conc.H2SO4 undergoes polymerisation to give (C), a cyclic compound. Identify (A), (B) and (C) and explain the reactions.
b	A bluish white metal A present in 4th period and 12th group on heating in air gives a white cloud B. Metal A on treatment with conc. H2SO4 gives the compound C and SO2 gas. Find A, B and C. Explain the reactions.
	OR
c	Compound (A) with molecular formula C2H4O reduces Tollen's reagent. (A) on treatment with HCN gives compound (B). Compound (B) on hydrolysis with an acid gives compound (C) with molecular formula C3H6O3. Compound (C) is optically active. Compound (C) on treatment with Fenton's reagent gives compound (D) with molecular formula C3H4O3. Compounds (C) and (D) give effervescence with NaHCO3 solution. Identify the compounds (A), (B), (C) and (D) and explain the reactions.
d	Find the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.20 mole per litre CH3COONa and 0.15 mole per litre CH3COOH, Ka for acetic acid is 1.8 x10–5                                                                                      Best of Luck Higher Secondary Half Yearly Examination – 2012 - 2013 Part III - CHEMISTRY  Time Allowed : 3 Hours ]                                               [ Maximum Marks : 150 Note : Draw diagrams and write equations wherever necessary.                                                            PART - I Note :  i) Answer all the questions.             ii) Choose and write the correct answer. 1. Dual character of an electron was explained by a) Bohr                       b) Heisenberg                          c) de Broglie                         d) Pauli. 2. In  a  molecule 10 electrons  are  present  in  bonding  molecular  orbital  and 4 electrons are present in antibonding molecular orbital. Its bond order is a) 3                           b) 4                                      c) 2·5                                       d) 2. 3. The value of d(C - C) distance found experimentally in a saturated hydrocarbon is a) 1·34 Å                     b) 1·36 Å                                     c) 1·54 Å                   d) 1·56 Å. 4. The compound used as smoke screen is a) PCl3                                       b) PCl5                                                             c) PH3              d) H3PO3. 5. The chemical composition of slag formed during the smelting process in the extraction of copper is a) Cu2O FeS                b) FeSiO3                         c) CuFeS2                     d) Cu2S + FeO. 6. ....................is used for silver plating. a) AgNO3                                  b) AgCl                           c) AgBr                                   d) AgI. 7. The most common oxidation state of Lanthanides is a) + 2                          b) + 1                                     c) + 3                                     d) + 4. 8. Alloys of Lanthanides are called as a) Misch metals          b) Metalloids                         c) Plate metals                 d) Actinides. 9. Valence bond theory does not explain which property of complex compound? a) Geometry                 b) Magnetic                           c) Nature of ligand          d) Colour. 10. Radioactivity is due to a) stable electronic configuration                             b) stable nucleus c) unstable nucleus                                                 d) unstable electronic configuration. 11. The crystal structure of CsCl is a) Simple cubic         b) Face centred cubic         c) Body centred cubic        d) Tetragonal. 12. If ∆G for a reaction is negative the change is a) Spontaneous           b) Non-spontaneous             c) Reversible                d) Equilibrium. 13. The entropy change for the following process possessing ∆Htransition= 2090 J mol-1 1mole Sn (α, 130C) ⇌ 1mole Sn (β, 130C) is a) 7·307 J K-1 mol-1                                                                                  b) 7·307 JK mol-1 c) 9·307 J K-1 mol-1                                                                                  d) 9·307 JK mol-1. 14. State of chemical equilibrium is a) dynamic                  b) stationary                      c) none of these             d) both of these. 15. In the reversible reaction 2H2O(g) + 2Cl2(g) ⇌ 4HCl(g) + O 2(g), Kp is a) greater than  Kc           b) less than Kc                   c) equal to Kc                                  d) zero. 16. The sum of the powers of the concentration terms that occur in the rate equation is called a) molecularity           b) order                                 c) rate                       d) rate constant 17. The oxidation of sodium sulphite by air is retarded by a) MnO2                       b) H2S                                    c) Alcohol               d) As2O3. 18. Colloidal medicines are more effective because a) they are clean                                             b) they are easy to prepare c) the germs move towards them                    d) they are easily assimilated and adsorbed. 19. In Lead Chamber process for the manufacture of Sulphuric acid the catalyst used is a) Nitric oxide              b) Nitrogen dioxide          c) Sulphur dioxide      d) Sulphur trioxide. 20. Which one of the following relationships is correct? a) pH=  1/[H+]            b) pH=  log10[H+]         c) log10 pH = [H+]     d) pH =  log 101/[H+] 21. Ethylene diamine is converted to ethylene glycol using a) Na2CO3 solution     b) nitrous acid         c) NaHCO3(aqueous)       d) Bayer's reagent. 22. When ether is exposed to air for some time an explosive substance produced is a) peroxide                  b) oxide                         c) TNT                         d) superoxide. 23. Methoxyethane reacts with one molecule of HI gives a) CH3I + C2H5OH         b) C2H5I + C2H5OH         c) CH3I only          d) C2H5I only. 24. Tollen's reagent is a) ammoniacal cuprous chloride                                 b) ammoniacal cuprous oxide c) ammoniacal silver nitrate                                        d) ammoniacal silver chloride. 25. Ethylene dicyanide on hydrolysis using acid gives a) oxalic acid               b) succinic acid                 c) adipic acid          d) propionic acid. 26. The basic character of amines is due to the a) tetrahedral structure                                              b) presence of nitrogen atom c) lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom                  d) high electronegativity of nitrogen. 27. The oil of Mirbane is called as a) m-dinitro benzene               b) nitrobenzene                  c) nitrophenol                d) aniline. 28. The organic compound that does not undergo carbylamine reaction is a) n-butyl amine         b) n-propyl amine          c) Isopropyl amine     d) Ethyl methylamine. 29. The building block of proteins are a) α-hydroxy acids      b) α-amino acids           c) β-hydroxy acids          d) β-amino acids. 30. ................. is/are involved in the process of blood coagulation. a) Fats and oils           b) Cephalin                 c) Glycolipids                      d) Lecithins. PART - II Note :  i) Answer any fifteen questions.             ii) Each answer should be in one or two sentences.                             15 x 3 = 45 31. Why isHe2 not formed? 32. Define Ionisation energy. 33. Prove that H3PO4 is a tribasic acid. 34. Write the uses of Helium. 35. Why are transition metal ions coloured? 36. How will you prepare purple of cassius? 37. Half-life period of a radioactive element is 1500 years. Find the value of disintegration constant        in terms of seconds. 38. Define superconducting transition temperature. 39. What is entropy? What are the units of entropy? 40. Define reaction quotient (Q). 41. Give examples for first order reaction. 42. The initial rate of a first order reaction is 5·2 x 10-6 mol lit-1s-1 at 298 K. When the initial  concentration of reactant is 2·6 x10-3 mol lit-1. Calculate the first order rate constant of the reaction at the same temperature. 43. What is Tyndall effect? 44. What are insulators? Give examples. 45. What is racemic mixture? Explain with suitable examples. 46. Glycol has high viscosity and boiling point. Why? 47. How will you prepare picric acid from phenol? 48. What is formalin? Write its uses. 49. How is lactide formed from lactic acid? 50. Identify A, B and C :    51. Define chemotherapy. PART - III  Note: Answer any seven questions choosing at least two questions from each Section.7x5=35 SECTION - A 52. Two particles A and B are in motion. If the wavelength associated with the particle A is 5x10-8m, calculate the wavelength of particle B, if its momentum is half of A. 53. How is zinc extracted from its ore? 54. Write any five differences between lanthanides and actinides. 55. Explain central metal ion, co-ordination number and co-ordination sphere with a suitable example. SECTION - B 56.  State the various statements of second law of thermodynamics. 57. Discuss the conditions which favour the maximum yield of SO3 by contact process. 58. Differentiate simple reactions from complex reactions. 59. What is the potential of a half cell consisting of zinc electrode in 0·01M ZnSO4 solution at 250C?        E0 = 0·763 V. SECTION - C 60. Write all possible isomers with the molecular formula C4H10O and name them. 61. Give the mechanism involved in the Cannizzaro reaction. 62. Account for reducing nature of formic acid. 63. Write short notes on —            i) analgesics                  ii) antipyretics. PART - IV Note : i) Question No.70 is compulsory and answer any three from the remaining questions.            ii) Answer four questions in all.                                                               4 x 10 = 40 64. a) Describe the Pauling's scale of determination of electronegativity.       b) Explain general characteristics of p-block elements. 65. a) Write the postulates of Werner’s theory.       b) Differentiate chemical reactions from nuclear reactions. 66. a) Write the Bragg's equation. Give its significance.       b) Write briefly about the adsorption theory of catalysis. 67. a) Discuss Ostwald's theory of indicators.       b) Write notes on IUPAC conventions of representation of a cell. 68. a) Describe the conformations of cyclohexanol. Comment on their stability.       b) Explain the isomerism exhibited by carboxylic acids. 69. a) Explain the reduction of nitrobenzene in different medium.       b) How is a peptide bond formed? Explain the formation of dipeptide with two examples. 70. a) Compound A with molecular formula C3H6  is obtained from petroleum. When A is heated           with chlorine at 773 K compound B of molecular formula C3H5Cl is obtained. When B is            treated with Na2CO3 solution   at 773 K/12 atm. it gives the compound C with molecular             formula C3H6O. C on treatment with HOCl followed by hydrolysis with NaOH gives D            having molecular formula C3H8O3. The compound D is used in the manufacture of TNG.            Find A, B, C and D.  Explain the reaction.       b) A is sulphate compound of group 11. This compound is also called as Blue Vitriol. The                       compound undergoes decomposition at various temperatures.            A   →   B    →     C   →  D              1000C     2300C    7200C           Identify the compounds A, B, C and D.                                                                         OR      c) An organic compound A (C7H6O) has a bitter almond smell. With ammonia A gives B           C21H18N2. With aqueous alcoholic KCN, A gives C (C14H12O2). Identify A, B and C.           Explain the reactions.      d) The resistance of a 0·01N solution of an electrolyte was found to be 210 Ohm at 25°C using           a conductance cell with a cell constant 0·88 cm-1. Calculate the specific conductance and          equivalent conductance of the solution.                                                Best of Luck Higher Secondary Quarterly Examination-  2012 - 13 Part III − CHEMISTRY Time Allowed : 3 Hours]                                                                                         [Maximum Marks : 150 INSTRUCTION: 1. Check the question paper for fairness of printing. If there is any lack of fairness,                                      inform the Hall Supervisor immediately.                                 2. Use blue or black ink to write and pencil to draw diagrams.  Draw diagrams and write equations wherever necessary. PART − I N.B. i) Answer All the questions.          ii) Choose and write the correct answer.          iii) Choose the correct answer and write the option code & the corresponding answer 30 x 1 = 30 1. The value of Bohr radius for hydrogen atom is a) 0.529 × 10−8cm               b) 0.529 × 10−10cm       c) 0.529 × 10−6cm              d) 0.529 × 10−12cm2 2. Among the following which compound has the strongest hydrogen bond ?  a) HF                    b) H2O                                  c) NH3                     d) HCN 3. Among the following which has higher electron affinity value ? a) Fluorine                           b) Chlorine                           c) Bromine                           d) Iodine 4. Effective nuclear charge (Z*) can be calculated by using the formula a) Z*= Z − S                        b) Z* = Z + S                        c) Z* = S − Z                        d) Z = Z* − S 5. The ‘p’ block element which play a vital role in computer is a) N                                      b) Si                                       c) Br                                     d) S 6. Halogens belong to the group number a) 14                                     b) 15                                      c) 17                             d) 18 7. The oxidation state of iron in Fe(CO)5 is a) +2                                    b) + 3                                 c) 0                                    d) + 1 8. The chemical composition of slag formed during the smelting process in the extraction of copper is a) Cu2O + FeS                      b) FeSiO3                              c) CuFeS2                      d) Cu2S + FeO 9. The general electronic configuration of actinide is a) [Rn]5f 0 − 14 6d 0 7s 0                                                   b) [Rn]5f 0 − 14 6d 0 − 2 7s 0 c) [Rn] 5f 0 − 14 6d 0−2 7s 1                                              d) [Rn]5f 0 − 14 6d 0 − 2 7s 2 10. The maximum oxidation state exhibited by lanthanide is a) + 4                                 b) + 3                                    c) + 6                                d) + 2 11. Example for molecular crystal is  a) water                              b) sodium chloride          c)magnesium chloride         d) cesium chloride 12. The number of close neighbours in a body centred cubic lattice of identical sphere is a) 6                                        b) 4                                       c) 12                            d) 8 13. Which of the following does not result in an increase in a) Crystallization of sucrose from solution                      b) Rusting of iron c) Conversion of ice to water                                             d) Vaporization of camphor 14. The liquid which deviate from Trouton’s rule is a) He                                    b) CCl4                                  c) O2                            d) C6H6 15. Change in Gibbs free energy is given by a) ΔG = ΔH + TΔS             b) ΔG = ΔH – TΔS                 c) ΔG = ΔH x TΔS            d) None of the above 16. The relationship between KP & KC for the reaction 2H2O (g) + 2Cl2(g)   ⇌4HCl(g) + O2(g) is a) KP < KC                            b) KP = KC                             c)KP > KC                       d) KP = KC /RT  17. State of chemical equilibrium is a) dynamic                            b) stationary                         c) none of (a) & (b)              d)  both (a) & (b) 18. The decomposition of nitrogen pentoxide in the presence of CCl4, the order of the reaction is a) 3                                       b) 2                                      c) pseudo first order                  d) 1 19. Arrhenius equation is a) k = Ae−1/RT                        b) k = Ae− RT/Ea                  c) k = Ae−Ea/RT                  d) k = Ae Ea/ RT 20. Reactions in  which the reacting  molecules react in more than one way  yielding  different  set of products are called a) consecutive reactions        b) parallel reactions            c) opposing reactions                 d) chain reactions 21. The number of secondary alcoholic group in glycerol is a) 1                                        b) 2                                       c) 3                              d) 0 22. _______ is used in antiseptic ointments. a) phenol                               b) ethylene glycol               c) benzyl alcohol            d) glycerol 23. IUPAC name of glycerol is a) propane − 1, 2, 3 – triol      b) Ethane − 1, 2 – diol            c) 2− propanol           d) Propane − 1, 2 − diol 24. A Compound that undergoes bromination easily is a) Benzoic acid                      b) Benzene                          c) phenol                       d) toluene 25. Williamson’s synthesis is an example of a) nucleophilic addition                                                     b) electrophilic addition c) electrophilic substitution                                               d) Nucleophilic substitution reaction 26. According to Lewis concept of acids and bases, ethers are a) neutral                             b) acidic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           c) basic                                             d) amphoteric 27. The isomerism between methyl-n-propyl ether and diethyl ether is a) functional isomerism        b) position isomerism         c) metamerism                     d) chain isomerism 28. Which of the following does not give iodoform test?  a) acetophenone           b) benzophenone          c) CH3  − CHOH         d) CH3  − CH − CH2 − CH2 − CH3                                                                                                |                                    |                                                                                                CH3                             OH          29. The compound used in the preparation of the tranquilliser, sulphonal is a) acetone                            b) acetophenone                  c) isopropyl alcohol        d) glycol 30. The compound which undergoes aldol condensation is a) CH3CHO                  b) HCHO                   c) C6H5CHO                        d) C6H5COC6H5 PART − II N.B. i)   Answer any fifteen questions.          ii)  Each answer should be in one or two sentences.                                            15 x 3 = 45 31. Distinguish between a particle and wave. 32. The ionization energy of carbon is greater than that of Boron. Why? 33. What is meant by inert pair effect? 34. Why HF is not stored in glass bottles? 35. Why d-block elements act as catalyst? 36. Give the reaction of gold on aqua regia. 37. What is the action of heat on copper sulphate crystals? 38. State Bragg’s law. 39. For a chemical reaction the values of ΔH and ΔS at 300K are −10kcal.mol −1 and 20cal.deg−1mol−1          respectively. What is the value of ΔG of the reaction? 40. Define reaction quotient. 41. State Le Chatelier’s principle. 42. Define pseudo first order reaction with example. 43. What is activation energy? 44. Define opposing reaction with example. 45. What are the conditions for a compound to be optically active? 46. What is geometrical isomerism? 47. How is dioxane prepared from ethylene glycol? 48. How is glycerol synthesized from propylene? 49. Give a test for phenol. 50. Compound (A) reacts with ammonia to give compound (B) which is used as a urinary antiseptic.           Identify (A) and (B) and give the structure of compound (B). 51. How is mesitylene prepared ? PART − III N.B. Answer any seven questions choosing at least two questions from each section.              7 x 5 = 35 SECTION − A 52. Explain the formation of N2 molecule by molecular orbital theory. 53. Give the importance of hydrogen bonding. 54. Explain the extraction of zinc from its ore. 55. Distinguish between lanthanides and actinides. SECTION − B 56. Give the various statements of second law of thermodynamics. 57. Derive the relationship between KP  and KC for a general equilibrium reaction. 58. List the characteristics of order of the reaction. 59. Derive the equation for first order rate constant. SECTION − C 60. Give the methods of preparing anisole. 61. How does diethyl ether react with the following reagents?       a) O2  / long contact                     b) HI in excess                         c) PCl5                          d) dil H2SO4 62. Write a brief account on        a) Perkin's reaction                      b) Knoevenagal reaction. 63. Explain the crossed aldol condensation mechanism. PART − IV N.B.  i) Question No.70  is compulsory  and  answer  any  three  from  the  remaining questions.           ii) Answer four questions in all.                                                                         4 x 10 = 40 64. (a) Explain Pauling method to determine the ionic radii.        (b) Give the uses of silicones. 65. (a) Explain the factors affecting electron affinity.        (b) Give the anomalous nature of fluorine. 66. (a) Explain Bragg’s spectrometer method.        (b) Show  that for a first order reaction time  required for 99%  completion  is twice the  time required              for 90% completion of the reaction. 67. (a) Give the characteristics of glass.        (b) Give the differences between simple and complex reactions. 68. (a) Describe the conformations of cyclohexanol. Comment on their stability.        (b) Distinguish between Enantiomer and Diastereomer. 69. (a)  How are primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols distinguished by Victor Meyer method ?        (b) Explain the following reactions :                i) Riemer – Tiemann reaction                              ii) Phthalein fusion 70. (a) An organic compound (A) of molecular formula C2H6O reacts with metallic Na to liberate    hydrogen. Compound (A) in the presence of Conc. H2SO4 and at 440 K gives compound (B) which is an alkene. Compound (B) on treatment with cold, dilute alkaline KMnO4 gives compound (C) of  molecular  formula  C2H6O2. Identify  compounds  (A), (B) and (C) and explain the reactions. (b) A chief ore (A) of an element with group number-6 and period number-4in the periodic table is roasted with molten alkali in the presence of free supply of air gives a water soluble compound  (B). Compound (B)  on acidification gives compound (C).  Compound (C)  on treatment  with  KCl  gives  compound  (D).  Compound  (D)  is  used  in  the  detection  of chloride ions in qualitative analysis. Identify A, B, C and D and give the reactions. (OR) (c) Compound (A) of  M.F. C7H6O which does  not reduce Fehling’s solution but reacts  with N2H4 and  KOH  to give  compound (B) of  M.F. C7H8. (A)  on heating  with  NaOH gives compound (C) and (D). Identify (A), (B), (C), (D) and explain the reactions. (d) A white lustrous metal (A) reacts with dil HNO3 to give compound (B) which is called as Lunar caustic.  Compound (B) reacts  with KBr to  give  compound  (C) which  is  used in photography. Identify A, B, C and explain the reactions.