April 20, 2020

11. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry


2 & 3 Marks
1. What is Catenation?
2. It is not possible for the Carbon to form either C4+ or C4- ions. Why?
3. Write a note on Homologous series.
4. Classify the following compounds based on the structure
    i) CH ≡ C – CH2 – C ≡ CH                        ii) CH3 – CH2 – CH2 - CH2 – CH3    

 
                        





5. Give the General formula for the following classes of organic compounds.
    a) Aliphatic monohydric alcohol                 b) Aliphatic ketones                c) Aliphatic amines
6. Mention the three parts and its meaning in the IUPAC name of an organic compound made up of.
7. Write Structural formula for the following compounds.
    i) Cyclohexa-1,4-diene             ii) Ethynyl cyclohexane
8. Write Structural formula for the following compounds.
      i) m-dinitrobenzene         ii) p-dichloro benzene             iii) 1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene
9. Explain Fisher projection formula with suitable example.
10. Explain Sawhorse projection formula with suitable example.
11. Explain Newman projection formula with suitable example.
12. What is Isomerism?
13. What is Chain isomerism? Give examples. Or What is Nuclear isomerism? Give examples. Or
      What is Skeletal isomerism? Give examples.
14. What is Position isomerism? Give examples.
15. What is Functional isomerism? Give examples.
16. What is Metamerism? Give examples.
17. What is Tautomerism? Give examples.
18. What is Ring chain isomerism? Give examples.
19. What is ‘syn’ and ‘anti’ isomerism? Give examples.
20. What is Optical Isomerism? Give examples. Or Describe Optical isomerism with suitable example.
21. Explain Optical activity of Glucose.
22. What is Enantiomerism?
23. What are Enantiomers? Give examples.
24. What are the essential Conditions for Enantiomerism? Or
      What are the essential Conditions for Optical isomerism?
25. What is Asymmetric carbon? How is it designated? Or What is Chiral carbon? How is it designated?
26. What is a Chiral molecule? Or What is Asymmetric molecule?
27. What is Chirality? Or What is Dissymmetry?
28. Give the Principle involved in the Estimation of Sulphur in an organic compound by Carius method.
29. Give the Principle involved in the Estimation of Halogen in an organic compound by Carius method.
30. Give the Principle involved in the Estimation of Phosphorous in an organic compound by Carius method
31. Give the Principle involved in the Estimation of Nitrogen in an organic compound by Dumas method.
32. Give the Principle involved in the Estimation of Nitrogen in an organic compound by Kjeldahl method.
33. List out the most widely used techniques for the Separation and Purification of organic compounds.
34. What is Sublimation?
35. How is organic compounds purified by Sublimation?
36. What are the various Steps involved in Crystallization?
37. Give a brief description of the Principles of Simple distillation.
38. Give a brief description of the Principles of Fractional distillation.
39. Give a brief description of the Principles of Steam distillation.
40. Give a brief description of the Principles of Azeotropic distillation.
41. What is Extraction?
42. Give a brief description of the Principles of Differential extraction.
43. Give a brief description of the Principles of Chromatography.
44. List out the various Methods of Chromatography.
45. Give a brief description of the Principles of Adsorption chromatography.
46. Give a brief description of the Principles of Column chromatography.
47. Explain Thin layer chromatography. Or Explain Adsorption chromatography.
48. Explain Paper chromatography. Or Explain Partition chromatography.

5 Marks
1. Give the General Characteristics of Organic compounds.
2. Describe the Classification of Organic compounds based on their Structure.
3. Give two examples for each of the following type of organic compounds.
    i) Non-benzonoid aromatic compounds        ii) Aromatic heterocyclic compounds
    iii) Alicyclic compounds                               iv) Aliphatic open chain compounds
    v) Benzenoid Aromatic compounds
4. Describe the Classification of Organic compounds based on Functional groups.
5. What is meant by a Functional group? Identify the Functional group in the following compounds.
    a) Acetaldehyde           b) Oxalic acid           c) Dimethyl ether         d) Methylamine
6. Write the Molecular formula of the first six members of homologous series of Nitro alkanes.
7. Write the Molecular and possible Structural formula of the first four members of homologous series of Carboxylic acids.
8. Describe various Types of Isomerism in organic compounds.
9. Describe various Types of Constitutional isomers. Or Describe various Types of Structural isomers. Or Explain various Types of Constitutional isomerism (Structural isomerism) in organic compounds.
10. Write all the possible Isomers of Molecular formula C4H10O and Identify the isomerisms found in them
11. Describe various Types of Stereoisomerism.
12. What is Geometrical isomerism? Give examples. Or What is cis-trans isomerism? Give examples.
13. Briefly explain Geometrical isomerism in Alkene by considering 2-Butene as an example.
14. Compare the Properties of cis-trans isomers.
15. Explain the Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen in organic compounds.
16. Describe the reactions involved in the Detection of Nitrogen in an organic compound by Lassaigne method.
17. Describe the reactions involved in the Detection of Sulphur in an organic compound by Lassaigne method.
18. Describe the reactions involved in the Detection of Halogens in an organic compound by Lassaigne method.
19. Describe the reactions involved in the Detection of Halogens in an organic compound by Lassaigne method if N or S is present in the compound along with the Halogen.
20. Explain the Detection of Phosphorous in an organic compound.
21. Give the Principle involved in the Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen in an organic compound by Carius method.
22. Explain the Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen in organic compounds.
23. Explain the Estimation of Sulphur in organic compounds.
24. Explain the Estimation of Halogen in organic compounds.
25. Explain the Estimation of Phosphorous in organic compounds.
26. Explain the Estimation of Nitrogen in organic compounds by Dumas method.
27. Explain the Estimation of Nitrogen in organic compounds by Kjeldahl method.
28. Explain the various Steps involved in Crystallization.

Problem Name the organic compounds according to IUPAC Nomenclature, Derive the Structure from the IUPAC Name, % composition of C, H, O, S, Halogens, P & N in the organic compound.

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