12. Basic concepts of organic reactions

2 & 3 Marks

1. How to represent the Organic reaction in general?

2. What is Mechanism of the reaction? Or What is reaction Mechanism?

3. What determines the Overall rate of reaction?

4. Classify the Fission of a covalent bond.

5. Write a note on Carbocation.

6. Write a note on Carbanion.

7. Write a note on Free radicals.

8. What are Nucleophiles? Give suitable examples.

9. What are Electrophiles? Give suitable examples.

10. How is Electron movement in Organic reactions Classified? Give examples.

11. Show the Heterolysis of covalent bond by using curved arrow notation and complete the following equations. Identify the Nucleophile in each case.

      i) CH3 - Br + KOH --->                         ii) CH3 - O - CH3 + HI --->

12. Mention the Properties of organic molecules affected by the displacement of electrons that takes place in its covalent bonds. Or Name the Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds.

13. Classify the Electron displacement in Organic reaction.

14. What are + I groups? Give examples.

15. What are – I groups? Give examples.

16. What is + I effect? Give example.

17. What is – I effect? Give example.

18. Explain the influence of Inductive effect on Reactivity of Organic compounds.

19. Explain the influence of Inductive effect on Acidity of Carboxylic acids.

20. Give the Order of Acidity of various Chloro acetic acid.

21. Trichloro acetic acid is Stronger than Acetic acid. Give reason.

22. Formic acid is Stronger than Acetic acid. Why?

23. What is + E effect? Give example.

24. What is – E effect? Give example.

25. What is + R effect? Give example. Or What is + M effect? Give example. Or

      What is Positive mesomeric effect? Give example.

26. What is – R effect? Give example. Or What is – M effect? Give example. Or

      What is Negative mesomeric effect? Give example.

27. What are + R groups? Give examples. Or What is + M groups? Give examples.                      

28. What are – R groups? Give examples. Or What is – M groups? Give examples.

29. Using Resonance explain the Acidity of Phenol.

30. Using the structure of Propene explain the No bond resonance.

31. Using the structure of H2C = CH – Cl explain the No bond resonance.  

32. Using the structure of H2C = CH – C ≡ N explain the No bond resonance.

33. Using the structure of Carbocation explain the No bond resonance.

34. Mention Permanent effect and Temporary effect in Electron displacement in Organic reactions.

35. Classify the Types of Organic reactions.

36. What are Elimination reactions? Give examples.

37. What are Oxidation reactions? Give examples.

38. What are Reduction reactions? Give examples.

39. Give examples for β - elimination reactions.

40. Give examples for Electrophilic substitution reactions.

41. Give an example for Nucleophilic Substitution reaction.

42. Give an example for Free radical Substitution reaction.    

43. Give an example for Electrophilic Addition reaction.

44. Give an example for Nucleophilic Addition reaction.

45. Give an example for Free radical Addition reaction.

46. How can you convert Alcohol into Aldehyde?

47. How can you convert Aldehyde into Alcohol?

48. How can you convert Alcohol into Ketone?

49. How can you convert Ketone into Alcohol?

50. How can you convert Nitrile into 1° Amine?

51. How can you convert Amide into 1° Amine?

52. How can you convert Amide into Carboxylic acid?

53. How can you convert Amide into Nitrile?

54. How can you convert Alkyl halide into Alcohol?

55. How can you convert Alkyl halide into Alkene?

56. How can you transform Carboxylic acid group (– COOH) to Primary alcohol group (– CH2–OH)?

57. How can you transform Carboxylic acid group (– COOH) to Amide group

(– CONH2)?

58. How can you transform Carboxylic acid group (– COOH) to Acid chloride group

(– COCl)?

5 Marks

1. Write a note on Homolytic cleavage / fission of bond. Or Write a note on Symmetrical splitting.

2. Write a note on Heterolytic cleavage / fission of bond. Or Write a note on Unsymmetrical splitting.

3. Describe Homolytic and Heterolytic fission of bonds.

4. Distinguish between Homolytic cleavage and Heterolytic cleavage.

5. Distinguish between Nucleophiles and Electrophiles.

6. Describe Electron movement in Organic reactions.

7. Explain the Electronic effects in covalent bonds

8. Explain Inductive effect with suitable example.

9. Explain Electromeric effect.

10. Write short notes on Resonance. Or Write short notes on Mesomeric effect.  Or

      Write short notes on Mesomerism.

11. Write short notes on Hyperconjucation. Or Write short notes on Baker-Nathan effect. Or

      Write short notes on No bond resonance.

12. What are Substitution reactions? How are these reactions Classified? Give examples. Or

       What are Displacement reactions? How are these reactions Classified? Give examples.

13. What are Addition reactions? How are these reactions Classified? Give examples.